What Is Alcohol?
Alcohol is a widely consumed beverage substance that has been an integral part of human civilization for centuries. It is found in various alcoholic beverages and has both social and recreational significance.
Alcohol Definition – WHO:
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), alcohol is classified as an organic compound. It is produced through the fermentation or distillation of various ingredients.
Alcoholic Beverages Definition – WHO:
Alcoholic beverages are defined by the WHO as beverages produced by the fermentation or distillation of natural substances, such as fruits, grains, or vegetables. They include beer, wine, spirits, liqueurs, and other similar beverages that contain ethyl alcohol (ethanol).
Chemical Composition:
The primary chemical component of alcoholic beverages is ethanol (C2H5OH), which is formed through the fermentation process. Ethanol is a volatile, colorless liquid that has both depressant and stimulant effects on the central nervous system. It is this compound that is responsible for the characteristic effects of alcohol consumption.
Two Categories of Alcoholic Beverages
Alcoholic beverages can be broadly categorized into two types: fermented and distilled.
Fermented Alcoholic Beverages:
Fermented alcoholic beverages are produced through the natural process of fermentation, in which yeast or other microorganisms convert sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide. Common examples include beer, wine, cider, and sake. These beverages generally have a lower alcohol content compared to distilled ones.
Distilled Alcoholic Beverages:
Distilled alcoholic beverages are produced through the process of distillation, which involves heating a fermented mixture and collecting the vapor that contains alcohol. This vapor is then condensed and collected to produce a higher alcohol concentration. Examples of distilled beverages include whiskey, vodka, rum, gin, and brandy.
